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Rocket parachute flares Hand flares Buoyant smoke signals Launching and embarkation appliances Marine evacuation systems Line-throwing appliances General emergency alarm system Public address system IMO Symbols and Safety signs Regulation means a regulation contained in the Annex to the Convention. Retro-reflective material is a material which reflects in the opposite direction a beam of light directed on it.

Administration means Maritime administration of Flag state. Life-saving appliances on all ships have to be fitted with retro-reflective material where it will assist in detection and in accordance with the recommendations of the Organization in A. The Administration shall determine the period of acceptability of life-saving appliances which are subject to deterioration with age. Such life-saving appliances shall be marked with a means for determining their age or the date by which they must be replaced.

Permanent marking with a date of expiry is the preferred method of establishing the period of acceptability. Batteries not marked with an expiration date may be used if they are replaced annually, or in the case of a secondary battery accumulator , if the condition of the electrolyte can be readily checked. The grabline shall be secured at four equidistant points around the circumference of the buoy to form four equal loops.

An immersion suit which also complies with the requirements of life-jackets may be classified as a life-jacket. An immersion suit which has buoyancy and is designed to be worn without a lifejacket shall be fitted with a light and the whistle complying with the requirements for life-jackets. If the immersion suit is to be worn in conjunction with a lifejacket, the lifejacket shall be worn over the immersion suit. A person wearing such an immersion suit shall be able to don a lifejacket without assistance.

An immersion suit made of material with inherent insulation, when worn either on its own or with a lifejacket, if the immersion suit is to be worn in conjunction with a lifejacket, shall provide the wearer with sufficient thermal insulation, following one jump into the water from a height of 4. A person in fresh water wearing either an immersion suit or an immersion suit with a lifejacket, shall be able to turn from a face-down to a face-up position in not more than 5 seconds.

An anti-exposure suit which also complies with the requirements of life-jackets may be classified as a life-jacket. An anti-exposure suit shall be fitted with a light complying with the requirements for life jackets. A person in fresh water wearing an anti-exposure suit complying with the requirements of this section shall be able to turn from a face- down to a face-up position in not more than 5 seconds and shall be stable face-up. The suit shall have no tendency to turn the wearer face-down in moderate sea condition.

K and shall be so constructed that, when used to enclose a person, it shall reduce both the convective and evaporative heat loss from the wearer's body. All lifeboats shall have rigid hulls and shall be capable of maintaining positive stability when in an upright position in calm water and loaded with their full complement of persons and equipment and holed in any one location below the waterline, assuming no loss of buoyancy material and no other damage.

Hulls and rigid covers shall be fire-retardant or non-combustible. Except for free-fall lifeboats, each lifeboat to be launched by falls shall be of sufficient strength to withstand, when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment and with, where applicable, skates or fenders in position, a lateral impact against the ship's side at an impact velocity of at least 3.

No lifeboat shall be approved to accommodate more than persons. The shapes may be overlapped as shown, provided footrests are fitted and there is sufficient room for legs and the vertical separation between the upper and lower seat is not less than mm.

Each seating position shall be clearly indicated in the lifeboat. Rapid disembarkation shall also be possible. The lowest step of the ladder shall be not less than 0. Lifeboat buoyancy All lifeboats shall have inherent buoyancy or shall be fitted with inherently buoyant material which shall not be adversely affected by seawater, oil or oil products, sufficient to float the lifeboat with all its equipment on board when flooded and open to the sea.

Additional inherently buoyant material, equal to N of buoyant force per person shall be provided for the number of persons the lifeboat is permitted to accommodate. Buoyant material, unless in addition to that required above, shall not be installed external to the hull of the lifeboat. Lifeboat propulsion Every lifeboat shall be powered by a compression ignition engine. The engine shall be provided with either a manual starting system, or a power starting system with two independent rechargeable energy sources.

Any necessary starting aids shall also be provided. The starting systems shall not be impeded by the engine casing, seating or other obstructions. The speed of a lifeboat when proceeding ahead in calm water, when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment and with all engine powered auxiliary equipment in operation, shall be at least 6 knots and at least 2 knots when towing a person life-raft loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment or its equivalent.

Sufficient fuel, suitable for use throughout the temperature range expected in the area in which the ship operates, shall be provided to run the fully loaded lifeboat at 6 knots for a period of not less than 24 h. Water-resistant instructions for starting and operating the engine shall be provided and mounted in a conspicuous place near the engine starting controls.

Lifeboat fittings All lifeboats except free-fall lifeboats shall be provided with at least one drain valve fitted near the lowest point in the hull, which shall automatically open to drain water from the hull when the lifeboat is not waterborne and shall automatically close to prevent entry of water when the lifeboat is waterborne. Each drain valve shall be provided with a cap or plug to close the valve, which shall be attached to the lifeboat by a lanyard, a chain, or other suitable means.

Drain valves shall be readily accessible from inside the lifeboat and their position shall be clearly indicated. All lifeboats shall be provided with a rudder and tiller. The rudder shall be permanently attached to the lifeboat. All lifeboats shall be fitted with sufficient watertight lockers or compartments to provide for the storage of the small items of equipment, water and provisions. Every lifeboat to be launched by a fall or falls, except a free-fall lifeboat, shall be fitted with a release mechanism, which shall be so arranged that all hooks are released simultaneously and release control shall be clearly marked in a color that contrasts with its surroundings.

Every lifeboat shall be fitted with a device to secure a painter near its bow. The device shall be such that the lifeboat does not exhibit unsafe or unstable characteristics when being towed by the ship making headway at speeds up to 5 knots in calm water.

Except for free-fall lifeboats, the painter securing device shall include a release device to enable the painter to be released from inside the lifeboat, with the ship making headway at speeds up to 5 knots in calm water.

Every lifeboat shall be so arranged that an adequate view forward, aft and to both sides is provided from the control and steering position for safe launching and maneuvering.

Lifeboat equipment 1 except for free-fall lifeboats, sufficient buoyant oars to make headway in calm seas. In a totally enclosed lifeboat, the compass shall be permanently fitted at the steering position; in any other lifeboat, it shall be provided with a binnacle if necessary to protect it from the weather, and suitable mounting arrangements; 6 a sea-anchor of adequate size fitted with a shock-resistant hawser which provides a firm hand grip when wet. The strength of the sea-anchor, hawser and tripping line if fitted shall be adequate for all sea conditions; 7 two efficient painters of a length equal to not less than twice the distance from the stowage position of the lifeboat to the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition or 15 m, whichever is the greater.

On lifeboats to be launched by free-fall launching, both painters shall be stowed near the bow ready for use. The carrying capacity of a free-fall lifeboat is the number of persons that can be provided with a seat without interfering with the means of propulsion or the operation of any of the lifeboat's equipment.

The width of the seat shall be at least mm. Free clearance in front of the backrest shall be at least mm. The backrest shall extend at least 1, mm above the seat pan. Each free-fall lifeboat shall be of sufficient strength to withstand, when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment, a free-fall launch from a height of at least 1.

The liferaft shall be so constructed that when it is dropped into the water from a height of 18 m, the liferaft and its equipment will operate satisfactorily. If the liferaft is to be stowed at a height of more than 18 m above the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition, it shall be of a type which has been satisfactorily drop-tested from at least that height.

The floating liferaft shall be capable of withstanding repeated jumps on to it from a height of at least 4. The liferaft and its fittings shall be so constructed as to enable it to be towed at a speed of 3 knots in calm water when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment and with one of its sea-anchors streamed.

The liferaft shall have a canopy to protect the occupants from exposure which is automatically set in place when the liferaft is launched and waterborne. The sea-anchor permanently attached to davit-launched liferafts and liferafts fitted on passenger ships shall be arranged for manual deployment only.

All other liferafts are to have the sea-anchor deployed automatically when the liferaft inflates; two buoyant paddles; three tin-openers and a pair of scissors. Safety knives containing special tin-opener blades are satisfactory for this requirement; one first-aid outfit in a waterproof case capable of being closed tightly after use; one whistle or equivalent sound signal;.

These rations should be palatable, edible throughout the recommended shelf life, and packed in a manner which can be readily divided and easily opened. The rations shall be kept in airtight packaging and be stowed in a watertight container;.

The marking required by paragraphs 4. Chapter IV: Survival craft 4. Galvanizing or other forms of metallic coating on parts of the hydrostatic release unit shall not be accepted; automatically release the liferaft at a depth of not more than 4 m; have drains to prevent the accumulation of water in the hydrostatic chamber when the unit is in its normal position; be so constructed as to prevent release when seas wash over the unit; be permanently marked on its exterior with its type and serial number; be permanently marked, on the unit or identification plate securely attached to the unit, with the date of manufacture, type and serial number and whether the unit is suitable for use with a liferaft with a capacity of more than 25 persons; be such that each part connected to the painter system has a strength of not less than that required for the painter; and.

The buoyancy chambers shall be so arranged that, in the event of any one of the compartments being damaged or failing to inflate, the intact compartments shall be able to support, with positive freeboard over the liferafts entire periphery, the number of persons which the liferaft is permitted to accommodate, each having a mass of 75 kg and seated in their normal positions. The liferaft shall be inflated with a non-toxic gas. Inflation shall be completed within a period of 1 min at an ambient temperature of between C and C and within a period of 3 min at an ambient temperature of C.

After inflation, the liferaft shall maintain its form when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment. Means shall be provided for fitting the topping-up pump or bellows required by paragraph 4.

The boarding ramp shall be so arranged as to prevent significant deflation of the liferaft if the ramp is damaged. In the case of a davit-launched liferaft having more than one entrance, the boarding ramp shall be fitted at the entrance opposite the bowsing lines and embarkation facilities. Means shall be provided to enable air to readily escape from underneath the liferaft. The buoyant material shall be fire-retardant or be protected by a fire-retardant covering.

In the case of a davitlaunched liferaft having more than one entrance, the boarding ramp shall be fitted at the entrance opposite to the bowsing and embarkation facilities.

All lifeboats shall have rigid hulls and shall be capable of maintaining positive stability when in an upright position in calm water and. Chapter IV: Survival craft loaded with their full complement of persons and equipment and holed in any one location below the waterline, assuming no loss of buoyancy material and no other damage.

The certifying organization shall provide the lifeboat with a certificate of approval which, in addition to the above items, specifies: number of the certificate of approval; material of hull construction, in such detail as to ensure that compatibility problems in repair should not occur; total mass fully equipped and fully manned; and statement of approval as to sections 4.

The shapes may be overlapped as shown, provided footrests are fitted and there is sufficient room for legs and the vertical separation between the upper and lower seat is not less than mm.

Rapid disembarkation shall also be possible. The lowest step of the ladder shall be not less than 0. Chapter IV: Survival craft when flooded and open to the sea.

Additional inherently buoyant material, equal to N of buoyant force per person, shall be provided for the number of persons the lifeboat is permitted to accommodate.

Buoyant material, unless in addition to that required above, shall not be installed external to the hull of the lifeboat. No engine shall be used for any lifeboat if its fuel has a flashpoint of C or less closed-cup test. Any necessary starting aids shall also be provided. The engine starting systems and starting aids shall start the engine at an ambient temperature of C within 2 min of commencing the start procedure unless, in the opinion of the Administration having regard to the particular voyages in which the ship carrying the lifeboat is constantly engaged, a different temperature is appropriate.

The starting systems shall not be impeded by the engine casing, seating or other obstructions. Provision shall be made for ahead and astern propulsion of the lifeboat. Sufficient fuel, suitable for use throughout the temperature range expected in the area in which the ship operates, shall be provided to run the fully loaded lifeboat at 6 knots for a period of not less than 24 h. Such arrangements shall also protect persons from coming into accidental contact with hot or moving parts and protect the engine from exposure to weather and sea.

Adequate means shall be provided to reduce the engine noise so that a shouted order can be heard. Starter batteries shall be provided with casings which form a watertight enclosure around the bottom and sides of the batteries.

The battery casings shall have a tightly fitting top which provides for necessary gas venting. Radio batteries shall not be used to provide power for engine starting. Each drain valve shall be provided with a cap or plug to close the valve, which shall be attached to the lifeboat by a lanyard, a chain, or other suitable means. Drain valves shall be readily accessible from inside the lifeboat and their position shall be clearly indicated.

When a wheel or other remote steering mechanism is also provided the tiller shall be capable of controlling the rudder in case of failure of the steering mechanism. The rudder shall be permanently attached to the lifeboat.

The tiller shall be permanently installed on, or linked to, the rudder stock; however, if the lifeboat has a remote steering mechanism, the tiller may be removable and securely stowed near the rudder stock. The rudder and tiller shall be so arranged as not to be damaged by operation of the release mechanism or the propeller.

The handholds shall be fastened to the lifeboat in such a way that, when subjected to an impact sufficient to cause them to break away from the lifeboat, they break away without damaging the lifeboat.

The lifeboat shall be equipped with a means for collecting rainwater, and in addition if required by the Administration a means for producing drinking water from seawater with a manually powered desalinator.

The desalinator must not be dependent upon solar heat, nor on chemicals other than seawater. Means shall be provided for the storage of collected water. This release shall be so arranged as to release the lifeboat under any conditions of loading from no load with the lifeboat waterborne to a load of 1.

This release capability shall be adequately protected against accidental or premature use. Adequate protection shall include special mechanical protection not normally required for off-load release, in addition to a danger sign. To prevent an accidental release during recovery of the boat, the mechanical protection interlock should only engage when the release mechanism is properly and completely reset.

To prevent a premature on-load release, on-load operation of the release mechanism should require a deliberate and sustained action by the operator. The release mechanism shall be so designed that crew members in the lifeboat can clearly observe when the release mechanism is properly and completely reset and ready for lifting.

Clear operating instructions should be provided with a suitably worded warning notice; the release control shall be clearly marked in a colour that contrasts with its surroundings; the fixed structural connections of the release mechanism in the lifeboat shall be designed with a calculated factor of safety of 6 based on the ultimate strength of the materials used, assuming the mass of the lifeboat is equally distributed between the falls; and where a single fall and hook system is used for launching a lifeboat or rescue boat in combination with a suitable painter, the requirements of paragraph 4.

The device shall be such that the lifeboat does not exhibit unsafe or unstable characteristics when being towed by the ship making headway at speeds up to 5 knots in calm water. Except for free-fall lifeboats, the painter. Chapter IV: Survival craft securing device shall include a release device to enable the painter to be released from inside the lifeboat, with the ship making headway at speeds up to 5 knots in calm water.

However, in the case of a lifeboat to be launched by falls, the boat-hooks shall be kept free for fending-off purposes. The equipment shall be secured in such a manner as not to interfere with any abandonment procedures. All items of lifeboat equipment shall be as small and of as little mass as possible and shall be packed in a suitable and compact form.

Except where otherwise stated, the normal equipment of every lifeboat shall consist of:. Thole pins, crutches or equivalent arrangements shall be provided for each oar provided. Thole pins or crutches shall be attached to the boat by lanyards or chains; two boat-hooks; a buoyant bailer and two buckets;. In a totally enclosed lifeboat, the compass shall be permanently fitted at the steering position; in any other lifeboat, it shall be provided with a binnacle, if necessary to protect it from the weather, and suitable mounting arrangements; a sea-anchor of adequate size fitted with a shock-resistant hawser which provides a firm hand grip when wet.

The strength of the sea-anchor, hawser and tripping line, if fitted, shall be adequate for all sea conditions; two efficient painters of a length equal to not less than twice the distance from the stowage position of the lifeboat to the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition or 15 m, whichever is the greater. On lifeboats to be launched by free-fall launching, both painters shall be stowed near the bow ready for use.

On other lifeboats, one painter attached to the release device required by paragraph 4. The lifeboat shall be fitted with a permanently attached foldable canopy which together with the rigid covers completely encloses the occupants of the lifeboat in a weatherproof shelter and protects them from exposure.

The lifeboat shall have entrances at both ends and on each side. Entrances in the rigid covers shall be weathertight when closed. The canopy shall be so arranged that:. Chapter IV: Survival craft but exclude seawater, wind and cold; means shall be provided for holding the entrances securely in the open and closed position;. No separate cabin is required if the construction of the lifeboat provides a sheltered space to the satisfaction of the Administration. The enclosure shall be so arranged that:.

The safety belt shall be designed to hold a person with a mass of kg securely in place when the lifeboat is in a capsized position. Each set of safety belts for a seat shall be of a colour which contrasts with the belts for seats immediately adjacent. Free-fall lifeboats shall be fitted with a safety harness at each seat in contrasting colour designed to hold a person with a mass of kg securely in place during a free-fall launch as well as with the lifeboat in capsized position.

When the lifeboat is in the stable flooded condition, the water level inside the lifeboat, measured along the seat back, shall not be more than mm above the seat pan at any occupant seating position. The design of the fuel and lubricating systems shall prevent the loss of fuel and the loss of more than ml of lubricating oil from the engine during capsize.

Manually operated dampers shall be provided to enable cooling air to be taken in from, and exhausted to, the interior of the lifeboat.